[AntonioLao]

in order to travel whether in time or in space, a source of motive power in the form of a force is needed.

energy travels by the electromagnetic force, while matter travels by the gravitational force or by the inertial force.

when a photon of energy travels by the EM force, say from a certain galaxy light-years away, its position or distance from its source increases but the photon does not grows older in time. It might loses some energy from being stretched by the expansion of space but it does not age a second. the energy of the photon is purely kinetic. Its potential energy derived from its rest mass is therefore zero.

when matter travels in space and time, it is limited by the speed or ratio of space and time to a max limit of approximately 186,000 miles per second. If there is a way of reducing the mass to zero then matter can travel in space without aging any minute. When the mass is zero, both the gravitational force and the inertial force is zero. In this way, matter and energy are in the same form.

[dipayankar]

How much do we know of Dark Matter? Does dark matter have the limitations of ordinary matter regarding speed? Can Ordinary matter be converted into dark matter? I recently read that now 'black holes' are probably not what we think but rather stars who have turned into 'dark energy stars'. How is it possible under the laws of physics??? Or are we missing something that will allow us to travel at the speed of light?

Originally Posted by AntonioLao in order to travel whether in time or in space, a source of motive power in the form of a force is needed. energy travels by the electromagnetic force, while matter travels by the gravitational force or by the inertial force. when a photon of energy travels by the EM force, say from a certain galaxy light-years away, its position or distance from its source increases but the photon does not grows older in time. It might loses some energy from being stretched by the expansion of space but it does not age a second. the energy of the photon is purely kinetic. Its potential energy derived from its rest mass is therefore zero. when matter travels in space and time, it is limited by the speed or ratio of space and time to a max limit of approximately 186,000 miles per second. If there is a way of reducing the mass to zero then matter can travel in space without aging any minute. When the mass is zero, both the gravitational force and the inertial force is zero. In this way, matter and energy are in the same form.

[AntonioLao]

Originally Posted by dipayankar How much do we know of Dark Matter? Does dark matter have the limitations of ordinary matter regarding speed? Can Ordinary matter be converted into dark matter? I recently read that now 'black holes' are probably not what we think but rather stars who have turned into 'dark energy stars'. How is it possible under the laws of physics??? Or are we missing something that will allow us to travel at the speed of light?

the dark matter theory is a theory created in the 20th century. It is non-baryonic matter in the sense that it does not interact with photons. It is theorized to be proportionately 90% of the total matter of the universe not including antimatter (anyway, nobody knows where antimatter is). Dark matter can only be detected by its gravity such as gravity lensing, Doppler shifts from opposite sides of rotating galaxies, the detected existence of the Great Attractor affecting the motions of many galaxies. It is needed to close the expansion of the universe. Its nature still is a mystery.

Incidentally, all our de Broglie matter waves do travel faster than the speed of light. But matter waves do not carry energy, hence it also cannot be detected. The more mass a person has the higher is this person's matter wave velocity but the increase in mass reduces the particle or physical velocity of the person. This is where when the wave nature and the particle nature are separated completely, the particle velocity is zero and the wave velocity is infinite.

[dipayankar]

Thanks for the enlightenment Antonio. I still wonder how a normal matter star can change itself to 'dark energy star'. Somehow from the time I read it in Nature, I have been wondering how is it possible?? What do you think?

Originally Posted by AntonioLao the dark matter theory is a theory created in the 20th century. It is non-baryonic matter in the sense that it does not interact with photons. It is theorized to be proportionately 90% of the total matter of the universe not including antimatter (anyway, nobody knows where antimatter is). Dark matter can only be detected by its gravity such as gravity lensing, Doppler shifts from opposite sides of rotating galaxies, the detected existence of the Great Attractor affecting the motions of many galaxies. It is needed to close the expansion of the universe. Its nature still is a mystery. Incidentally, all our de Broglie matter waves do travel faster than the speed of light. But matter waves do not carry energy, hence it also cannot be detected. The more mass a person has the higher is this person's matter wave velocity but the increase in mass reduces the particle or physical velocity of the person. This is where when the wave nature and the particle nature are separated completely, the particle velocity is zero and the wave velocity is infinite.

[AntonioLao]

Originally Posted by dipayankar Thanks for the enlightenment Antonio. I still wonder how a normal matter star can change itself to 'dark energy star'. Somehow from the time I read it in Nature, I have been wondering how is it possible?? What do you think?

I don't think a normal star can change into dark energy star. Stellar syntheses are based on the thermonuclear fusion processes of light nuclei into heavier nuclei (e.g. hydrogen's to helium's), not the other way around from heavier nuclei into lighter nuclei (e.g. nuclear fission process). But if we take away the strong magnetic field of a neutron star then it will appear as if it's made of dark matter since not even magnetic radiation can be detected. Technically, dark matter are composed of WIMPs (weakly interacting massive particles). They were predicted by grand unified theory (GUT) and supersymmetry theory.

[dipayankar]

I know about whiteholes. I just need to clarify, does black holes change the dimensions of matter falling into it and then probably propell them into the various 'parallel universes' that exist? Or in other words are black holes gateways between different universes?

Originally Posted by AntonioLao I don't think a normal star can change into dark energy star. Stellar syntheses are based on the thermonuclear fusion processes of light nuclei into heavier nuclei (e.g. hydrogen's to helium's), not the other way around from heavier nuclei into lighter nuclei (e.g. nuclear fission process). But if we take away the strong magnetic field of a neutron star then it will appear as if it's made of dark matter since not even magnetic radiation can be detected. Technically, dark matter are composed of WIMPs (weakly interacting massive particles). They were predicted by grand unified theory (GUT) and supersymmetry theory.

[AntonioLao]

Originally Posted by dipayankar Or in other words are black holes gateways between different universes?

I like to think so too. But I also understand from expert cosmologists (like Stephen Hawking) that black holes have entropy approaching infinity. The evolution of a thermodynamic system is to reach maximum entropy. But if the entropy is already at a maximum, how then can the system evolves farther? Therefore, black holes must be the oldest objects in the universe at their last stages of evolution. But this is no problem if a hypothesis is verified that order can emerge from total complete chaos.

[dipayankar]

I was interacting here with a scientist named 'Abhas Mitra'. He has infact once questioned Stephen Hawking and said that the matter in black holes are not destroyed but the information is preserved or probably passed on... where to???

Originally Posted by AntonioLao I like to think so too. But I also understand from expert cosmologists (like Stephen Hawking) that black holes have entropy approaching infinity. The evolution of a thermodynamic system is to reach maximum entropy. But if the entropy is already at a maximum, how then can the system evolves farther? Therefore, black holes must be the oldest objects in the universe at their last stages of evolution. But this is no problem if a hypothesis is verified that order can emerge from total complete chaos.

[AntonioLao]

Originally Posted by dipayankar the matter in black holes are not destroyed but the information is preserved or probably passed on... where to???

information content is inversely proportional to entropy. Black holes can release information only if they explode like the big bang by decreasing temperature.

[dipayankar]

Isnt it possible that they probably pass it onto a parallel universe or Black Holes are teeming with wormholes which are used by the particles to move on to other universes. Does information release necessary have to be through an explosion?

Originally Posted by AntonioLao information content is inversely proportional to entropy. Black holes can release information only if they explode like the big bang by decreasing temperature.