the 5 arrows of time

[AntonioLao]

1. The second law of thermodynamics. 2. The universal expansion. 3. Human consciousness – remembering past events, while anticipating future events. 4. Non-cancellation of Feynman-Wheeler retarded electromagnetic potential. 5. The existence of less than 1% neutral kaon’s mixing decays that violate time reversal.

The 5th arrow is explainable by using the quantization of time axes (positive and negative). The time quantum number T is very similar to spinor with the exception that its components are real integers instead of complex numbers. Therefore, T is a 2x1 column matrix denoted as

[math]\left(\begin{array}{c}p&n\end{array}\right)[/math]

Where p is always a positive integer and n is always a negative integer.

Neutral kaons and anti-kaons exhibit time asymmetry by the process of anti-commutation in their T’s. Since a neutral kaon, [math]K^0[/math], is made of a down quark and anti-strange quark and the anti-kaon is made of a anti-down and a strange quark, its T is made from the Abelian matrix composition of

[math]T_{K^0}=\left(\begin{array}{c} +1&-3\end{array}\right)\oplus \left(\begin{array}{c}+9&-3\end{array}\right)= \left(\begin{array}{c}+10&-06\end{array}\right)[/math]

[math]T_{\bar{K^0}}=\left(\begin{array}{c} +3&-1\end{array}\right)\oplus \left(\begin{array}{c}+3&-9\end{array}\right)= \left(\begin{array}{c}+06&-10\end{array}\right)[/math]

These clearly show the asymmetry of their T’s.

[Guille]

What does the symbol of the cross inside the circle mean?

[AntonioLao]

What does the symbol of the cross inside the circle mean?

It is used to indicate matrix addition, which is quite different from ordinary addition of real number. In matrix addition, we are adding the values of corresponding elements or components.

[Guille]

Oh I see, if it's -3 circle-cross -3 then the answer is -6.

Then, let's go into the main discussion.

Your first point, is, for me, un-valid: Because growing entropy determines that entropy is going that way, not that time is doing so.

Your second point, is, for me, un-valid: Because growing universe determines that the universe is growing, not that it is being older, maybe it started as a huge ball, and then contracted, and, anyway, the growing unvierse issomething we direved from our observation, so then read the next point.

Your third point, is, for me, un-valid: For human consciousness has been proved to be wrong: for example, common sense is not always as near to logic as we think. Our observation probably made our mind think that we are moving in that time direction, or amybe our midn belieed that we were going in that time dimension because of our observations. So it's useless.

About your fourth and fifth points, I can't discuss yet because I know nothing about them. Can them in extent?

[AntonioLao]

About your fourth and fifth points, I can't discuss yet because I know nothing about them. Can them in extent?

I'll use some more counterexamples using the decays of protons and neutrons and pions for the 5th arrow.

[Guille]

4. Non-cancellation of Feynman-Wheeler retarded electromagnetic potential.

What does this point mean?

[AntonioLao]

What does this point mean?

If I'm not mistaken, it means that photon cannot go backward in time. However, if the universe is proven to be closed then photon can go backward in time and also rotational Godel's universe must also exists.

[Guille]

If I'm not mistaken, it means that photon cannot go backward in time. However, if the universe is proven to be closed then photon can go backward in time and also rotational Godel's universe must also exists.

Why must Godel's rational universe exist if the universe is closed?

And, why can't a photon go backwards in time, if it has no mass? According to what I know, if something has no mass, then it can go at faster speeds than light, and by going faster than light, you will move backwards in time.

[AntonioLao]

Why must Godel's rational universe exist if the universe is closed?

A hypothetical universe, derived from the equations of the general theory of relativity, that admits time travel into the past; it is infinite, static (not expanding), rotating, with non-zero cosmological constant. Kurt Gödel, best known for his incompleteness theorem and one of the first scientists to be intrigued by the possible physical basis of time travel, theorized the existence of such a universe in a brief paper written in 1949 for a Festschrift to honor his friend and Princeton neighbor Albert Einstein. Although largely ignored, Gödel's paper raised the question: if one can travel through time, how can time as we know it exist in these other universes, since the past is always present? Gödel added a philosophical argument that demonstrates, by what have become known as Gödel's lights, that as a consequence, time does not exist in our world either. Without committing himself to Gödel's philosophical interpretation of his discovery, Einstein acknowledged that his friend had made an important contribution to the theory of relativity — a contribution that he admitted raised new and disturbing questions about what remains of time in his own theory.
Physicists since Einstein have tried without success to find an error in Gödel's physics or a missing element in relativity itself that would rule out the applicability of Gödel's results. In the 1949 paper, Gödel introduced the now-famous grandfather paradox.

why can't a photon go backwards in time

As far as the photon is concerned, there is no time, no motion of time.

[Guille]

As far as the photon is concerned, there is no time, no motion of time.

I hadn't realise this. I'll have to think about this all more.