Gravity & the Void: Tip of a TOE Iceberg

[Bob Campbell]

GRAVITY & THE VOID: TIP OF A TOE ICEBERG

NOTE: A System of delineating the structural dynamics of the Cosmic Order is introduced at www.cosmic-mindreach.com. The One System subsumes an open ended series of sub-systems nested within it, each higher System elaborating upon the lower systems that subsume and transcend it such that it remains One System. Systems 1 and 2 transcend space and time. System 3 shows how space and time are implicitly generated with the projection of atomic matter. System 4 elaborates on the evolution of living biological systems. System 5 is still more complex and includes the generation of virtual images. Higher Systems soon proliferate in difficulty beyond our reach. But the first four Systems can take us very far since they are complete unto themselves and elaborate on the nature of universal wholeness specified by System 1. The methodology of the System requires confirmation in phenomenal experience. Reference to the website diagrams of System 3 will facilitate an insight into the following. They are deceptively simple in their implications.


PREAMBLE:

In a letter to his friend Michele Besso the year before he died Einstein wrote: “I consider it quite possible that physics cannot be based on the field concept, that is, on continuous structures. Then nothing remains of my entire castle in the sky, including the theory of gravitation, but also nothing of the rest of modern physics.”

The alternate possibility is the discontinuous projection of space-time, distinct from the assumed spacetime continuum of general relativity. It requires a structural insight into the dynamics of how space and time are generated. Space and time are concepts derived a posteriori from this physical creation and there is no real justification for raising them to a priori status as general relativity does. There is a cosmic order that is more fundamental.

The discontinuous projection of space and time requires that mass itself must be discontinuous. It must appear as particulate atoms separated by distance in a succession of synchronous projections, like frames in a holographic cosmic movie in which all atoms are still projections linked up by light. Light itself defines the space between them.

If mass is discontinuous it must also synchronously disappear into timeless bundles of quantized energy, each quantum atom thus having a photonic energy equivalent that is both timeless and spatially indeterminate. It must be timeless so that successive still frames of spatial projection can close ranks to present the appearance of spatial continuity. It must be spatially indeterminate because atoms are only detectable as discrete particles of mass in the integrated fabric of space-time.

This alternate energy mode of mass constitutes a holistic boundless field that is orthogonal to the integrated fabric of space-time. In the System it is called the Void. It is consistent with Planck’s universal quantum of action, with Bohr’s initial assumptions in establishing an ontological model of the atom, and with the pioneering work of de Broglie and others.

Many things necessarily follow. A primary interval of time is defined by the occurrence of one space frame together with one timeless quantum frame. Linear time consists of a rapid succession of primary intervals. The inner space of an atom is distinct from the external space between atoms. Both are defined by light, the inside being orthogonal to the outside. Space and time are quantized.


INTRODUCING SYSTEM 3 & THE VOID:


System 3 illustrates how separate particular hydrogen atoms are synchronously projected by a unique universal set that intimately binds photon, electron and proton within each particular set everywhere at once. In each integrated space frame all atoms are linked up by light that defines external space in relation to the inner space defined within each atom by discrete photonic energy levels. All light issues from within excited atoms and it thus has a universal relationship to each independent atom irrespective of relative velocity. Charge, mass, and other symmetries derive from the interaction between each particular set and the unique universal set confined within each, like quarks. This can be seen by carefully examining the integrated diagram of System 3 in conjunction with related website articles.

Space frames associated with each atom alternate with timeless quantum frames that are the photonic energy equivalent of each atom. All the discrete quantized energy equivalents of all atoms in the universe are holistically integrated as one by the unique universal set in the quantum frame. This holistically integrated energy field is timelessly balanced and spatially indeterminate. In Systems 3 and higher it is called the “Void”. It is directly accessible in human experience. There are many references to it in the literature especially in Eastern traditions. It is the medium through which these insights came. It is a quantum sensorium or master memory bank from which the world of form is synchronously recalled to project a succession of integrated space frames that define space-time. The Void spans and timelessly integrates the whole of space and time. The Void integrates history. The timeless Void is orthogonal to space and time, such that the integrated fabric of space-time is projected as a seamless reality.

What we accept as a seamless reality is a discontinuous projection however. The discontinuity is betrayed by Planck’s universal constant h that tells us the light comes to us as a discontinuous series of quantized pulses such that E=hf, where E is the photonic energy and f is the frequency of the light. This is consistent with System 3 and with the quantization of both space and time. The primary interval of time is 1.519 x 10^-16 seconds, consistent with zero angular momentum in the first orbit of hydrogen and the hydrogen spectrum generally. (See the website article “Atoms and Space-Time”) So a complete re-evaluation of the origins of quantum mechanics is in order.

The primary interval of space is the distance that light can transmit in the primary interval of time, namely 4.554 x 10^-8 meters. This is the circumference of the largest fully coherent atom, since photonic energy in the internal space of the atom functions orthogonal to its linear projection that defines external space. This circumference corresponds to the 12th orbit of a primary hydrogen atom. Hydrogen is the largest atom, since the electron orbits are contracted in heavier atoms.


LIGHT SPEED AND GRAVITY WAVES:

The speed of light is universal because it relates to each individual atom. It specifies a maximum speed of transmission through the integrated fabric of space-time because it defines the very nature of space-time. This does not mean, however, that distant events are not synchronously correlated via the universal set. It means that particular atoms are separate and distinct within each successive space frame but they are also holistically integrated as an indeterminate and timeless energy field in the Void within the SAME primary interval of time.

A primary interval of linear time is defined by each single recurrence of an integrated space frame in classical units of time consistent with the Planck-Einstein relation E=hf above. Particular atoms are both distinct and indistinct at the SAME TIME. The oscillation between space and quantum frames accounts for the wave-particle duality of matter and the uncertainty principle.

Gravitational phenomena derive from this fundamental ontological reality. Each spatially integrated frame that projects separate atoms on the space frame side is holistically unified as a coherent energy field on the quantum frame side. Physical matter is both One and Many at the Same Time.

This means essentially that gravitational attraction derives from the unity of all physical matter via the Void. Since the orthogonal Void spans space-time and integrates history, gravity acts through the successive projection of space frames. Gravity derives from the primary projection of the physical universe frame by frame, and the unifying attractive force between separate particulate masses is universally apparent.

Gravity is not a force transmitted through space-time faster than light. It is a quantum force of attraction effected timelessly via the Void. It is the primary member of a family of hitherto unrecognized quantum forces that operate timelessly via the Void. Since all relative motion depends on the speed of light for its detection, and since gravity is associated with the synchronous projection of all matter, there is no measurable way to establish that gravity is a force transmitted as a gravity wave at the speed of light through a preconceived spacetime continuum. Motions due to gravity or any other force can only be known through a succession of space frames over time and their detection depends on the speed of light.

The recurrent projection of successive space frames can themselves be regarded as gravity waves associated with all particulate matter including bodies in moderate relative motions. While wave-like distortions or perturbations, or ripples in the local fabric of space-time may be detectable in the immediate vicinity of rapidly rotating super-dense neutron stars, due to localized intense synchronous distortions, there is no reason to expect that these ripples will propagate endlessly throughout the integrated fabric of space-time. There is no such independent thing as a spacetime continuum for a superimposed wave effect to propagate through. Experiments to detect gravity waves in the normal synchronous environment of our solar system are unlikely to turn up any convincing evidence that they exist, if for no other reason than the detection apparatus must itself be in good synchronous agreement with the solar system generally.

It should be noted that the integrated fabric of space-time associated with System 3 is hyphenated to distinguish it from the spacetime continuum of General Relativity.


THE CALCULUS, HISTORIC INTEGRATION & LORENTZ TRANSFORMATIONS:

The method of integration in the calculus depends upon summing the differentiation of small increments that approach zero in equations that relate to Cartesian coordinates. The method was questioned at the time it was introduced because of the indeterminate magnitude of infinitesimal increments. Is space-time infinitely divisible? Zeno’s paradox indicates that this can not be so. So do quantum jumps in position from one electron orbit to another orbit via the Void without traversing the inner space between orbits. Space and time must be generated in discrete amounts that place a minimum limit on the increment of the differential in the calculus.

Knowing what these discrete amounts are allows a natural process of historic integration that generally corresponds to integration in the calculus, but only when cosmic relationships are involved. This can find a variety of mathematical applications in astrophysics, stellar evolution and galactic organization on the macroscopic scale consistent with the Lorentz transformations, just as Schroedinger, de Broglie and Bohm demonstrated applications associated with the inner space of the atom and sub-atomic interactions without being fully cognizant of reasons why.


SYSTEM 3 & HISTORIC INTEGRATION:

The Lorentz transformations can be seen to derive from relative space-frame skipping in conjunction with historic integration over a succession of space frames. Since space and time are quantized so is relative velocity, mass and momentum as it relates to the velocity of light. Space and time on the space frame side of System 3 have inverse quantum counterparts in the timeless Void that constitutes an indeterminate orthogonal space as a conjugate field associated with the organization of timelessly quantized energy. (Both the Particular and Universal Sets of System 3 invert the orientation of the Centers that constitute them in transformations between space and quantum frames. They also invert their mutual relationship back and forth from inside to outside. It is necessary to study the diagrams of System 3 on the website to see this.)

In other words the coalesced photonic energy equivalents of atomic matter have quantized spatial relationships in the Void. The Void is a conjugate field that reflects the spatial distribution and organization of particulate matter but not in a way that can be explicitly determined from the space frame side as a human being. The field is a boundless and all embracing unity. It is ONE. Nevertheless energy transformations from space frame to space frame are effected through the orthogonal agency of the Void. They are not transmitted through the integrated fabric of space in a single frame because there is no particulate motion in a single space frame. Each space frame is a still projection integrated by Electro-Magnetic activity alone. EM activity derives as efflux from within atoms. It is energy in a dynamic process of efflux and reflux associated with the synchronous projection of matter.

Consistent with this view, historic integration involves summing relative increments of space-time taking into account both the orthogonal conjugate field of the Void and the integrated fabric of space-time. This is analogous to summing the rectangles under a curve along the x axis in Cartesian coordinates with respect to diminishingly small increments in the value of x. There are major differences, however.


INTRODUCING HISTORIC COORDINATES:

In order to grasp the significance of historic integration we can assign historic coordinates such that the X axis represents relative motion in three dimensions with respect to a stationary frame of reference “A” given by the origin of the coordinates. The origin of the coordinates can be assigned the value 1,1 since any point in A is relatively stationary with respect to every other point in A and thus A is fully synchronous with itself. Every equal mass has a one to one mutual correspondence. If a second frame of reference “B” is stationary with respect to A then its historic coordinates will also coincide with those of A.

Relative motion of B with respect to A introduces relative space frame skipping and consequent displacement of B's coordinates some negative distance along the X axis. A and B are no longer fully synchronous with respect to one another on the space frame side of System 3. This degree of space frame skipping relates to individual atoms, consistent with System 3.

The Y axis represents the conjugate field of the Void. The Y axis does not represent a complex plane but a conjugate field that is spatially indeterminate and timeless. It nevertheless consists of timeless quantized energy equivalents of matter together with quantized elements of space that mirror corresponding relative relationships in each space frame.

The rate of space frame skipping represented as a change in X’ of B in a negative direction along the X axis thus introduces orthogonal accumulations of the quantized energy equivalents of matter. If the motion is constant this accumulated energy equivalent is constant and can be represented by a single point above the negative X axis. Relative rates of space frame skipping associated with relative rates of quantum jumps in position with respect to the X axis also represents a unit contraction in relative linear space in B as perceived from A. As we shall see this relates to each space frame not skipped.

It should be noted that historic coordinates have no universal origin in space and time. In this respect they are generalized coordinates that can be used to designate relationships between any two inertial systems.

It should also be noted that the designated origin at A is 1 unit along the abscissa and 1 unit along the ordinate. This defines it as an inertial mass system that is stationary and thus synchronous with itself. The distance 1 along the X axis designates that all atoms in A are synchronously linked by c, which is the distance light can transmit in each space frame. This defines a primary interval of time. The unit value of the ordinate of A defines a quantum energy equivalent to its mass and also a quantum equivalent to the distance that light can transmit in a single frame. This means that the quantum energy equivalent of an atom of mass at A is equivalent to the designated mass at A times the square of the speed of light. In other words E=mc^2.


DERIVING THE LORENTZ TRANSFORMATIONS:

Where the inertial system B is moving at constant relative velocity v with respect to A, the relative proportion of space frames observed skipped from the perspective of A relative to B on the space frame side is represented by the relative velocity of B as a fractional ratio to the speed of light c. Space frame skipping is directly proportional to v/c, since c has a constant relationship to each atom in each space frame.
The quantity v/c is thus a direct ratio of space frames skipped in the inertial system A with respect to inertial system B. Light can not fully bridge the quantum jumps of B with respect to A so space frames in A are skipped to compensate. As a result A observes a contraction in B in the direction of travel. A is still fully synchronous with itself of course. The proportion of space frames not skipped from the perspective of A between A and B is thus 1- v/c. This amount is represented by a single discrete increment in the abscissa of B to -X(1).


From the standpoint of A there is also a correspondingly equal relative accumulation of energy on the quantum frame side of B that is equivalent to 1+v/c. The relative skipping of space frames accumulates as quantum frames in keeping with the conservation of energy. This quantity is represented by a single discrete increment in the ordinate of B to +Y(1) that is the energy equivalent to the negative increment in the abscissa. In other words the point B moves upward and to the left on a 45 degree incline from the origin at point A. The distance it moves depends upon its relative velocity.

The increment along the abscissa times the increment along the ordinate represents the historic integration of A and B. It defines a square between the integrated fabric of space on the space frame side of System 3 and the corresponding orthogonal Void on the quantum frame side. This square relationship represents the historic integration of A and B. It represents the degree of mass-energy synchronicity between them from the perspective of both A and B since the origin can be switched to B to get the same result. The historic area of this conjugate square is (1+v/c)(1-v/c) = 1-v^2/c^2.

The projection of the square onto the space frame side only of either A or B is thus given by the square root of 1-v^2/c^2 = (1-v^2/c^2)^(1/2). This quantity is a universal transformation factor from the inertial system of A to that of B, or vice versa. It represents the degree of relative space frame skipping as it may apply to mass, to the integrated fabric of external space relative to each atom, or to time. The internal spatial relationships of electron orbits within neutral atoms are not affected since space frames associated with the projection of each atom are either skipped entirely or not at all. Atoms are not flattened in the direction of travel. System 3 resolves this enigma in current relativity theory.

With respect to mass, the space frames of an observer at A are skipped relative to a moving mass Mo in B, such that the observed mass M in B carries with it a relative accumulation of quantized energy equivalent to its observed instantaneous mass M=Mo/(1-v^2/c^2)^1/2.

With respect to linear space L in the direction of motion of B with respect to A the contraction of length L associated with skipped space frames in A with respect to B is given by L= Lo(1-v^2/c^2)^1/2. The relative length of a linear dimension in the inertial frame of B as observed from A is shortened in the direction of B’s motion because space frames in A are skipped relative to it.

With respect to the internal frequency of a clock associated with the degree of synchronicity remaining between A and B the frequency of the clock ticks in B are retarded with respect to A according to T=To(1-v^2/c^2)^1/2.

These are the Lorentz transformations between any two inertial systems moving with constant relative velocity with respect to one another. This method of derivation extends them beyond Special Relativity however.

Note that although there is a relative skipping of space frames, the space frames not skipped are nevertheless mutually synchronous. Contrary to current relativistic assumptions there is such a thing as simultaneous events whether this can be determined by measurements in space-time or not.


ACCELERATION AND HISTORIC COORDINATES:


If B is steadily accelerating with respect to A there will be incremental jumps in the historic coordinates of B along a 45 degree diagonal through A upwards to the left. The size of the incremental jumps will depend on the rate of acceleration and each quantum jump in B represents a corresponding force that is the equivalent of one or more discrete skipped frame sequences. Force, like space and time, is also quantized.


If we take a look at Newton’s second law of motion F=ma, we see that the units of force are essentially the same as the units of mass. The discrepancy in units between the two sides of the equation is unit distance per second per second. Given that space is quantized according to the distance that light can travel in a primary interval of time, acceleration thus represents a progression in the rate of space frame skipping between the body accelerated and the stationary frame of reference. Mass is converted to energy that becomes translated as a force within the space-time fabric of the stationary frame of reference. For example we burn fuel to accelerate a car or a rocket ship and the combustion products weigh slightly less than the reactants by the amount of energy needed according to E=mc^2. At normal rates of acceleration that we experience this mass discrepancy in the frame of reference is extremely small. At relativistic velocities approaching the speed of light it becomes very large.


As B is accelerated toward light speed relative to A it moves on a 45 degree diagonal through A, upwards to the left. That is, it moves in a negative direction along the X axis toward a zero point, while also moving in a positive direction along the Y axis toward the value 2. In other words as a reference atomic mass in A disappears with respect to one in B there is a corresponding doubling of energy associated with the atomic mass in B in the orthogonal quantum field of the Void. From the perspective of A it takes infinite energy to accelerate B to light speed since the space frames of A are vanishing relative to B. However with reference to B there is only a doubling of mass-energy in the quantum field of the Void. This conservation of the total mass-energy is illustrated by the diagonal in the historic coordinates.


While constant relative velocity is a succession of constant jumps in position that involves no energy input in a frictionless environment, acceleration within a relatively stationary inertial frame of reference does require energy input. A frictionless rocket ship traversing interstellar space must expend energy of some kind to accelerate. The energy is translated via the Void to increase the magnitude of quantum jumps in position from space frame to space frame. Like all relative particulate motion acceleration occurs in discrete increments involving a progressive degree of relative space frame skipping. Each space frame skipped involves a distance of 4.554 x 10^-8 meters, consistent with a primary interval of time.


There are fundamental differences between forced acceleration within the context of a stationary inertial frame of reference and gravitational acceleration on a cosmic scale. Gravitational acceleration does not involve an explicit expenditure of energy in the integrated fabric of space-time. It is implicit in the cosmic projection of matter.


GRAVITATIONAL FORCE & ACCELERATION:


According to Newton’s formulation of gravity, two masses M(1) and M(2) separated by a distance D exert a mutual force of attraction proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportionate to the square of the distance between them.


Let M(1) and M(2) both be represented at an origin by position A at 1,1 on the historic coordinates. In other words let us assume that they are not initially moving with respect to one another and are thus fully synchronous. They are both part of the same inertial system although they are separated by a distance D. Since they are mutually synchronous they mutually share energy equivalents as a single unity in the Void and separate spatial identities in each space frame. They do this in each primary interval of time.


What we have is a situation where two masses are both timelessly united and spatially separate at the same time. If the two masses are free to move they will be impelled to bridge this discrepancy between unity and separateness. They will accelerate toward each other by skipping discrete increments of space between them defined by light over a synchronous succession of space frame sequences. This relative skipping is not associated with a force applied within the integrated fabric of space-time, but rather is associated with the primary projection of matter. The force of gravity derives solely from the quantum sensorium or Void and it is related to the synchronous projection of all matter.


We know from empirical measurement that the acceleration of gravity near the earth’s surface is about 32 feet per sec. per sec. After the first second a body will reach a velocity of about 9.78 meters per second. This is equivalent to jumping about 9.78/4.554 x 10^-8 = 2.14x10^8 space frames per second. This amounts to jumping 2.14x10^8/1.519 x 10^16 = 1.4 x 10^-8 space frames per primary interval of time. One space frame will be skipped approximately every 70 million space frames. After 1 minute one space frame will be skipped approximately every 1.17 million space frames. If we had an antigravity vehicle and were able to continue the same rate of frictionless acceleration, after 1 hour one space frame would be skipped every 19,500 space frames and we would be moving about 35 kilometers a second. After one year one space frame would be skipped about every 2.22 primary intervals of time. This is approaching the speed of light since approximately half the space frames are skipped. At this point the reference frame of the earth would begin to disappear with respect to the moving vehicle, so the moving vehicle would appear to be contracting. From the perspective of the earth clocks on the vehicle would be running much slower and the vehicle would be disappearing by getting ever shorter.


We do not encounter this kind of linear acceleration of neutral mass to light speed anywhere in the universe at large however. (It can be contrived in linear accelerators on the earth but only with sub-atomic particles, not with neutral atoms.) If the presumption of an expanding spacetime continuum in general relativity is true the most distant galaxies would be receding from us at speeds approaching the speed of light. This is not so in a discontinuous universe. In a discontinuous universe an alternate explanation for the red shift of distant galaxies presents itself as a natural consequence of space frame skipping involved in the relative historic regeneration of the stellar populations of galaxies.


GALACTIC ORGANIZATION AND GRAVITY:


Galaxies involve orbital motions of their stellar populations about their centers and gravity is the force that keeps stars from flying tangentially off into space under their own inertial momentum. A gravitational force of acceleration toward the galactic center must be continually active over time. We thus have an effect in the relative rotation of galaxies where each star system can be represented by a point B with respect to the galactic center at Point A on historic coordinates. The gravitational acceleration of stellar populations toward the galactic center contracts the integrated fabric of space-time toward the center with respect to the periphery due to relative space-frame skipping. This also provides for quantum forces that result in stellar migrations within the galaxy.


The continual gravitational acceleration of a star toward the center tends to move point B diagonally up to the left toward the value 0 on the X axis and toward the value 2 on the Y axis. For a specific star this can be partially compensated for the fusion process and by stellar migration within the galaxy but not so for the whole stellar population.


A certain balance is reached depending upon rates of stellar migration and the relative angular momentum of the galaxy as a whole with respect to the universe at large. The relative space frame skipping at the galactic center with respect to the angular motions of the whole stellar population moves the stellar point B toward the historic coordinates 0,2 with respect to A at the galactic center. The ordinate value 2 represents an energy equivalent added to the mass of the revolving stellar population. One can think of it as Dark Energy if they like. It preserves the integrity of the whole galaxy. It represents the so-called “missing mass.” It accumulates in the Void with respect to the galactic center which has ceased to exist. There is a hole in space at the center where there is no light. There is a black hole at the galactic center that represents a singularity common to all galactic centers.


This singularity is associated with the primary synchronous projection of hydrogen in the whole universe. There is an accumulation of quantized energy associated with it that must be periodically released as a new generation of primary hydrogen ejected from the galactic center. Each new generation of primary hydrogen is impelled to move radially outward from the center and contract into star formation to compensate for the spatial contraction near the center. As old stars contract space through the fusion of heavier elements they are drawn back in toward the spatially contracted center to maintain synchronicity. They are eventually accreted into the black hole where their energies are regenerated consistent with the primary projection of hydrogen associated with the singularity.


There is direct X-ray and infrared evidence of this in our own galaxy. There is also evidence that rates of stellar formation vary periodically. Some galaxies have rates high enough to replace their entire stellar population in less than a billion years. Relative rates of galactic migration are also observed to be very modest within reasonable proximity to us. Their relative angular momentum prevents them from gravitational collapse in a discontinuous universe. It also prevents them from rapid relative motions with respect to one another in order to preserve a preponderance of synchronicity consistent with energy conservation.


There is no reason to assume the expansion of space-time itself since external space is defined in relation to the internal space of each atom. There never was a Big Bang.


SOME COSMOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS:


The red shift of distant galaxies need not be interpreted as recessional velocity. System 3 indicates that it is associated with space frame skipping due to stellar regeneration integrated over the great span of time that it takes the light to reach us from distant galaxies. When the Hubble telescope produces images of a galaxy twelve billion light years away it is not the same galaxy that exists today. These galactic images are light from ancient stars, from a time long before our solar system was born, and yet we share a timeless unity with the galaxy today via the Void. The history of space-frame skipping that drives stellar and galactic evolution is integrated via the Void. The light spectra from so long ago are thus shifted toward the red end of the spectrum as the history of relative space-frame skipping results in ever longer wavelengths. Alternate explanations for the background radiation also present themselves.


So System 3 necessarily implicates the regeneration of stellar populations and a variety of other effects, some of which are not currently recognized. New methods of mathematical treatment are indicated by System 3 that can be applied to astrophysics and cosmology to great advantage. It can expand our appreciation of this vast universe without the need to invent such things as dark matter, infinitesimal strings, parallel universes or probability waves that can never be confirmed in phenomenal experience. The universe never had a beginning and will never have an end.


This contradiction in terms about a beginning or end derives from the assumption that a spacetime continuum is a priori to creation and yet it is believed to have sprung into existence in a condition of infinite density from absolutely nothing some 12 to 15 billion years ago. The mathematics that indicates this employs parameters that are derived a posteriori. How can time have a beginning in time? This is bootstrapping of the highest order. It places us outside creation and divorces us from our own understanding.


Space and time derive from the cosmic order not the other way around. The Void is timeless. Galaxies are cells of creative reflux endlessly regenerating their stellar populations. They can evolve and migrate within limits provided by a need for synchronicity and energy conservation. They are not left helplessly at the beck and call of gravity following a mysterious primordial explosion because they must maintain a preponderance of synchronicity with the universe as a whole. The creative process is eternal. This view necessarily follows from System 3 as an expression of the cosmic order consistent with the requirements of universal wholeness specified by System 1.


CONCLUSIONS:

The following main points can be summarized.


The Coulomb Force and Electromagnetic phenomena derive from a triadic holistic relationship within particulate atoms as illustrated by System 3. This is fundamentally different to Gravitational Force that derives from the synchronous projection of all atoms. This is a completely different perspective to General Relativity. It is a new Quantum Relativity. It requires a new methodology that also embraces the empiricism of traditional science.


A gravitational disturbance implicitly involves relative motion. Relative motion involves the synchronous skipping of space frames in the inertial field of the observer with respect to the moving object.


This motion however can only be detected through the integrated fabric of space-time at the speed of light, because light itself defines space by the distance it can travel with respect to each atom in one primary interval of time. That is WHY there is space frame skipping.


Only light links up particulate matter on the space frame side of System 3. We can only detect relative motions through space frame skipping associated with light speed. In an inertial system that is fully synchronous there is no significant relative motion.


But on the quantum frame side, called the Void, matter is quantized energy integrated as a unified and timeless conjugate field that is orthogonal to space-time in EACH primary interval of time. The Void is always there. The physical creation is synchronously recalled from it at the same time. The apparent disparity in understanding this from our normal space-time perspective is resolved by the mutual orthogonal relationship. We nevertheless have a mind that likewise spans space and time through a degree of access to the Void. We have the capacity to understand the historic integration of events even while participating in them.


Gravity derives from the “spontaneous” timeless unity of the Void as it relates to space-time separateness. We can only detect its space-time effects on the space frame side however, not on the quantum frame side. The quantum frame side, the Void, is a spatially indeterminate boundless field.


Gravity moves objects in discrete quantum jumps in position space frame by space frame. On a cosmic scale this introduces curvatures in the integrated fabric of space-time on the space frame side. The integrated fabric of space-time adjusts spontaneously with relative motions frame by frame.


This does not mean that messages can be transmitted through space-time faster than light speed because space-time is not a spacetime continuum as current relativity theory assumes. This is a crucial distinction.


Relative motions, whether induced by gravity or as a result of an exploding star, can only be detected as quantum jumps in position space frame by space frame transmitted to an observer by the distance that light can travel in each primary interval of time defined in each frame over the number of space frames that it takes the light to reach the observer.


Best regards,
Bob@cosmic-mindreach.com

[MJA]

H. D. Thoreau said of castles in the sky: If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost; that is where they should be. Now put the foundations under them.

Einstein as well as all others need only the foundation of equality or truth to support their dreams of nature itself.

MJA

[Bob Campbell]

I have enormous respect for Einstein's intellectual integrity. At the time when he introduced his special and general theories of relativity it must have seemed ludicrous to consider a discontinuous universe possible. Planck called his universal quantum of action an act of desperation and no one today claims to fully understand quantum mechanics. It created a formal rift between mathematical physics and the philosophy of physics that deeply disturbed Einstein and other major pioneers of modern physics. Quantum physics had taken a turn towards statistical methods and as it did Einstein refused to work on it further. The Bohr-Einstein debates are legend. He refused to believe that God plays at dice and was sidelined from the mainstream as a result.

It is a measure of his intellectual integrity that at the end of his life he would draw into question his own life's work. By suggesting that physics could not be based on continuous structures, he was pulling the rug out from under General Relativty but also from under the Copenhagen Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics as well as other interpretations. This infers that he glimsed a possible route to an acceptable solution to the many dichotomous interpretations of physics.

This alternative route is a discontinuous universe that is nevertheless holistically integrated in the way it works. It is a new approach to an accurate understanding of the Cosmic Order that is not fully reducible to mathematics or language. It is a method of facilitating intuitive insight into the roots of meaning that underly language. I just want to dispell any suggestion that I am in any way critical of Einstein's enormous contributions.

Best regards
Bob Campbell

[N0B0DY]

"So do quantum jumps in position from one electron orbit to another orbit via the void without traversing the inner space between orbits. Space and time must be generated in discrete amounts that place a minimum limit on the increment of the differential in the calculus."

I wonder if the neglected connection between the absorption and emission of photons and the energy states of electrons don't have something to do with the assumption that spacetime is discrete. Why would electrons lose or gain energy if there were no transitory orbital state?

Also, when you say holistically integrated, are you inferring that there is an existence between particles that would render the whole greater than the sum of the individual parts? It seems that would imply there is a definite continuity subsuming discontinuous particles and effects.

[Bob Campbell]

"So do quantum jumps in position from one electron orbit to another orbit via the void without traversing the inner space between orbits. Space and time must be generated in discrete amounts that place a minimum limit on the increment of the differential in the calculus."

I wonder if the neglected connection between the absorption and emission of photons and the energy states of electrons don't have something to do with the assumption that spacetime is discrete. Why would electrons lose or gain energy if there were no transitory orbital state?

Also, when you say holistically integrated, are you inferring that there is an existence between particles that would render the whole greater than the sum of the individual parts? It seems that would imply there is a definite continuity subsuming discontinuous particles and effects.

Dear Nobody,

I must say your comments are very pertinent for a nobody :)).

As you must know, in 1912 Neils Bohr was working with Rutherford who had shown that an atom consists of a small dense positive nucleus surrounded by the required number of electrons. In trying to reconcile this evidence with Rydberg’s empirical formula for spectral lines Bohr made a number of assumptions without any reason for doing so other than to get a fit with the evidence. One of his assumptions was that some of the classical laws of physics do not apply within the atom. This remarkable claim distinguished the inner space of the atom from external space and time. Other assumptions included that electrons could only exist in certain non-radiating orbits that had to be an integral multiple of h/2pi. The Coulomb force held the electron in orbit around the proton and if it radiated energy away the electron would fall into the nucleus, so there could be no radiation. Also the energy associated with the frequency of each spectral line carried with it a discrete amount of energy according to the Planck-Einstein relation E=hf. Electrons lose or gain energy in orbital jumps accordingly.

A decade later when Louis de Broglie came up with particle waves this fitted nicely with the Bohr atom. There had to be an integral number of electron waves around each electron orbit to avoid interference, so this added to the ontological credibility of Bohr’s model along with other refinements. But de Broglie had just pulled a rabbit out of a hat. He saw a moving particle as “a little clock in motion” and he was “greatly smitten” that the Lorentz transformation formula for a clock is the inverse of that for a wave in Special Relativity. According to his own account in deriving his particle wave equation, he was trying to show how the internal frequency of his particle as a little clock could remain in phase with its external frequency as a wave motion. He essentially equated the one transformation formula to the other while adding a displacement to the wave side for the particle wave length. This is a bit oversimplified but that is essentially what he did. (See Wave Mechanics, The First Fifty Years, Butterworths 1973. Also “Atoms & Space-time” on my website.) The whole of quantum mechanics is erected on these foundations.

Turning now to System 3 it illustrates how all atoms are synchronously projected as still particle frames alternating with timeless quantum frames, such that the still particle frames close ranks to present the appearance of spatial and temporal continuity. (Quantum frames are timeless energy equivalents of particle frames. How this works in System 3 is summarized on my website.) Each particle frame is called a space frame associated with each atom and there is no particle motion in a single space frame, only electromagnetic activity. All particle motion occurs as relative quantum jumps in position from one space frame to the next. These jumps are effected via the timeless quantum frame, called the Void. For this reason there can be no energy radiated away between electron and proton because there is no relative motion between them in each space frame. The whole atom is a discontinuous projection that defines space and time. Atoms are oscillating between particle and quantum modes. The internal frequency of the whole atom is like de Broglie’s little clock. This means that de Broglie’s electron waves are quantum jumps in relative position around the nucleus from space frame to space frame as both oscillate back and forth. So according to System 3 the electron can only exist in certain orbits because there must be an integral number of quantum jumps. There is no such a thing as half a jump. Also electrons can only change orbits via a timeless jump through the Void from one space frame to the next and this always involves a discrete amount of energy absorbed or emitted according to E=hf. There is more information on how the System works at www.cosmic-mindreach.com. It is a fascinating approach and will make you wonder deeply.

As for your last comment, the timeless quantum frame associated with each atom is holistically integrated with that of all atoms on the quantum frame side called the Void. The Void is unimaginably awesome. It is a boundless energy field embacing all being. Because it is timeless it spans and integrates the whole of history and because it is spatially indeterminate it can not be described as something discrete. As you suggest you might describe this as continuous in the sense that it is always there and successive space frames are recalled from it. It is a master memory bank. At a physical level it is generated by System 3 as it relates to neutral atoms. The menagerie of short lived sub-atomic particles that are produced in particle accelerators are not fundamental. They exhibit patterns similar to the higher Systems that are elaborations of System 3, in this case extremely short lived. Nevertheless space frame skipping due to relative motions involves relative accumulations of quantized energies in the Void associated with moving particles on the space frame side. These enegies fuel the evolutionary process, both of stellar systems and subsumed biological evolution of Systems 4 and higher that may evolve on planets. It is worth a look at the website. It is an intuitive process of discovery.

Best regards,
Bob

[N0B0DY]

Bob,

First if I say something that might offend you, please don't take it the wrong way. Like I said to RascalPuff, it's just my way of learning, so bear with me if you will. I have been to your site and read alot on your systems, and I love things that explain the most with the least and when things fit together progressively as yours does.

Although, when you mention quantum jumping of particles and the void, eventhough you went into great detail to explain yourself, I am interested to know what the void and particles are made of exactly. My research on Setterfield's zpe work (I don't agree either with all he proposes, but mainly how h influences density and frequency - with the question: density and frequency of what?) and the infamous SLAC experiments where all matter is created from light, seem to indicate jumping may not be discrete. The following seems to comply:

"Each particle frame is called a space frame associated with each atom and there is no particle motion in a single space frame, only electromagnetic activity. All particle motion occurs as relative quantum jumps in position from one space frame to the next. These jumps are effected via the timeless quantum frame, called the Void. For this reason there can be no energy radiated away between electron and proton because there is no relative motion between them in each space frame."

If semi-observed electrons are the result of electromagnetic/photonic interactions at the required energies to form seemingly stable atoms, and electrons gain and lose energy as photons are absorbed and emitted, perhaps the electromagnetic activity in the space frame is the particle if the particle is nothing more than a different form of electromagnetic activity. Eventhough, this might imply electrons fall into the nucleus, the cumulative photonic exchange at the ground state supercedes the electron orbit. In effect, there would be no maintaining of electron orbitals, but a continual annihilation process of electrons and positrons as they fall into the nucleus. Bound quarks require more energy to form than electrons, and the energy could explain gravity at the quantum level. The strong force's increase in strength at greater distances could be the result of electrons falling into the nucleus.

The last comment you made speaks for itself, a very good explanation. It doesn't seem to conflict with the above assessment which doesn't aim to ignore empirical evidence. It only interprets the evidence somewhat differently based on two photons creating particle pairs, asking what happens to the photons exactly if they are not themselves electrons/positrons/quarks? What happens to the particles when they annihilate? The virtual processes within the space frames...resulting in the observable atomic structures.

If you will, let me know where you think I go wrong. I will continue to look into your references.

[Bob Campbell]

Dear Nobody,

Thank you for your interesting comments and please don’t take offence at anything that I may say either.

I confess that my stubborn mind has a problem with all theories about origins in time to space and time and the universe. I invariably find implicit assumptions about space and time in the language used that can only be derived a posteriori and raised to a priori status by intellectual bootstrapping. We really do tend to be a slave to words. This used to get pointed out by some philosophers but now seems to go unnoticed. My work is not an intellectual contrivance of mine and I claim no credit for it. It comes from revelatory insights orchestrated by supreme intelligence that I can best describe in this context as a manifestation of System 1 subsuming all. Systems 1 and 2 transcend the Void and the subjective mode of System 2 allows of insights of this nature orchestrated by the Universal Center employing the Void as a medium of communication. I don’t intend this to be accepted as an article of blind belief but point it out just to show that the structural possibility exists consistent with the whole System of delineating the cosmic order.

I should emphasize that the System is not a belief system. It is an intuitive guide to integrating the direct evidence of phenomenal experience more meaningfully into our understanding. I think you appreciate this. The elaboration of the higher systems is also not a progression in time. The whole cosmic order has always been with us. I have reason to believe that we have a cosmic destiny to realize and understand it. That realization is something that itself transcends the whole of space and time, transcending one’s own physically transient birth and death. In other words the cosmic order transcends itself in knowing itself.

According to the System everything comes down to energy transformations. Energy can take many forms but the hard atomic particles that clothe the physical universe derive from the space-frame side of System 3 which must have closed centers if they are to remain mutually independent yet intimately related. Only triadic relationships produce closed elements of objective experience. The quantum-frame side, the Void, has a transparent relationship to the space frame side, but quantum (photonic) energies can and do accumulate and become employed in the creative process in a variety of ways. Light energy is essentially matter in reflux through the creative process. Some of the evidence of the so-called vacuum may be consistent with this, but the “vacuum” is not a clearly defined concept and I avoid it completely.

I do not know what you mean by “ground state.” In System 3 the most primary physical state is neutral hydrogen with the electron in the first orbit. Its angular momentum is zero and the primary interval of time is readily calculated from this as 1.52x10^-16 seconds. The inner space of the atom is defined by photonic (EM) energy acting orthogonal to the linear projection of EM energy from excited atoms.

Particle accelerators all employ charged particles impacting a target in a strong magnetic field to create and identify the menagerie of highly transient so-called particles which may more accurately be described as “resonances.” The determination of their characteristics depends upon relativistic calculations which may be called into serious question by the discrete limitations of the System under such intense conditions. Some scientists have remarked that it is like trying to figure out how a watch works by smashing it to bits.

There are no positrons in a neutral atom. In System 3 antimatter derives from a reverse direction of linking up of the particular centers in each Particular Set by the Universal Set, thus reversing charge. This is the involutionary mode of System 3 and it is degenerate for reasons explained in my books. It is a fundamental tenet of quantum mechanics that the electron can not exist between orbits at all. It MUST be a quantum jump associated with discrete quanta of energy. Spectral lines derive from this necessity. So does the Planck constant. There are secondary and tertiary homologues of System 3 that are active at galactic and solar levels. The strong force derives from the fusion process via a secondary homologue. The weak force is a regenerative mode of System 3 associated with the neutron and thus with the fusion process. There is much more to the System than appears on the website. I have focused on basics which present challenge enough to properly fathom. The more advanced articles on the nervous system especially require a lot of patience to work through. But once you see it many doors begin to open.

I don’t know what you mean by quarks and electrons being formed. According to the System, electrons did not form independently from protons during the Big Bang. Both have always been around and they are intimately linked together with the photon in neutral atoms. There is no need to explain a neutral universe or why there is no antimatter universe. Quarks are said to be confined, and in System 3 there is a correlate apparent in the way the universal set is confined within the three centers of each Particular Set intimately linking them up. If you look at Particular Center 3 (the proton) on the bottom half of the diagram you will see within it three Universal Centers. Two of the Universal Centers are oriented toward Particular Center 1 (the photon). One of them is facing the other way back toward Particular Center 2 (the electron). This happens to agree with two Up quarks and one Down quark confined with the proton according to current Quantum Chromodynamic Theory. It makes no allowance for quarks within electrons but that theory comes from other considerations of transient high energy collisions.

I hope this helps to clarify a few things at least.

Best regards,
Bob.

[N0B0DY]

Hello again, Bob.

Your responses clarify alot, and your website clarifies even more so. The system seems to be time-progressive, although I know what you mean when you say the one system transcends the temporal subsystems, and it explains everything pretty clearly.

I can understand that few people are willing to venture into the unknown preferring to keep things empirical and theoretical, but the basis of my inquiry is more than not what is between the lines of the story you've put together, that's how I function. At another site there was one individual who reminds me of yourself, as he proposed a refinement of matter whereby natural phenomena are superimposed, so to speak.

You mention that the system is all-inclusive, and if I'm not mistaken you implied that all phenomena manifests through light which is supportive of my own ideas that all forms of matter are forms of light. I admit I look for minds on the same track, and when you further stated that electrons don't exist between orbitals, needless to say, it caught my attention. Mainly because I have proposed that light doesn't exist in and of itself until divided, similar to your proclamation that without differentiation no phenomena could exist. Although not entirely accurate, I often use analogies of white canvass containing all pictures, or an analog system containing all digital information.

My contention regarding the orbitals is soley due to the spectral lines being separated by a void instead of a spectrum, to keep "things" whole or true to system one, where the electron clouds are discrete quanta of energy but are phases of the transitional spectrum. If we consider that photons at the required energy level to produce electrons/positrons, produce them perpendicular to the collision, it evidently creates detectible clouds within the spectrum. Based on your depiction of system one, I would propose that the proton is the result of the process above, consisting of approx. 918 electrons and positrons continually attracting each other, annihilating into photons, and recreated at detectable frequencies. I further propose that linear time is absolute, but dilated at Planck by the collisions of photons creating the gravitational mass of electrons and positrons. We know that pinpointing particles, the same particles, is impossible to do, and within the energy clouds observed particles can be related to measurements between annihilation events which emit photons and drop electron orbitals squaring energy across the frames. Essentially there is no point where particles manifest, because the events are instantaneous, and observations are realtive to frequencies which explains why some "particles" are absorbed and others pass through atoms.

I'm certainly not one to argue with non-existence, as a whole in and of itself, but relative to the frames in question I think we could say that they are similar to electron clouds at undetectable frequencies. Eventhough we don't observe the back of something while observing the front, it must exist for the front to exist; and eventhough some frequencies are undetectable, their cumulation is required for detectable frequencies to exist.

[Bob Campbell]

Hi Nobody,

Language is a cumbersome tool. We tend not to invest identical meanings in words because our personal experience is not identical. One value of the System is that it imposes a strict discipline of structural insight that is universal. The cosmic order does not and can not be changed. It does not exist in space and time so one can not say that it is time progressive or temporal. Instead it prescribes the process of all change. A seed falls in the ground and a plant grows, and no two plants grow in identical shape or size, but they all grow by the same structural processes that never change. The cosmic order can not be invented by any amount of intellectual prowess, only discovered. We are merely human, not God, and he can not change the cosmic order either. The integrity of all experience depends upon it.

How can there be specific phenomena if there is nothing to distinguish them as mutually distinct or separate? This is a primary dilemma associated with the very concept of Universal Wholeness that anyone should be able to recognize, not a proclamation of mine. All phenomena derive from a fundamental Rift in Universal Wholeness or there could be no phenomena distinct from one another. The whole creative process derives from the need to mend this Rift between Self and Other that we experience everywhere around us. If all things are mutually isolated atoms bouncing around like billiard balls in continuous space and time, then we are left with accident as the only causal agent in a meaningless creation. One can not derive universal values from this alternative view, including Truth, at least not without using “double speak” or self-contradiction.

I use the word Void in a special sense and capitalize it. The Void does not exist in space-time, although it does prescribe an orthogonal discontinuity in space-time. It is not a vacuum. It is not non-existence either. It is real. If you examine the quantum part of the System 3 diagram, the top half, you will see in the Particular Set that the proton (C3) and electron (C2) interfaces are mutually coalesced as ONE WITH the Photon interface (C1). They ARE the mutually balanced photonic energy equivalent of one atom as a timeless quantum of energy. They are synonymous with the Universal Cneter One in the Universal Set that integrates the Void as ONE. There are similar Terms in the higher Systems so the Void encompasses more than the whole physical creation. The pure experience of the Void, embraces ALL BEING in a boundless field of wonder that is completely Void of physical distinctions of any kind, (including one’s own physical body), even though it mirrors the whole of physical reality. As one Taoist poet wrote: “It is a vast and shining sea of mist.”

EM radiation permeates the integrated fabric of space-time and there is no Void in atomic spectra. The distinctive spectrum of hydrogen (or other gas) can be generated by exciting rarefied hydrogen gas in a vacuum tube. All light derives from atoms in some way or their fusion processes in suns. You are free to believe as you wish of course, but I think it inaccurate to invest the System with opinions that are not structurally consistent with the phenomenal evidence.

When I studied quantum mechanics in university over 50 years ago they talked about electron clouds. The language still makes no sense to me. There is much evidence that electrons are specific three dimensional particles that are intimately associated with protons within neutral atoms, and that EM effects derive from electrons becoming sufficiently energetic to escape the ionization limit for an atom. (Positrons are virtually non-existent in the universe apart from their production in particle accelerators.)

The exact position of an electron can only be determined in a single space frame. This precludes particulate motion and thus the mechanics required for measurement. So quantum jumps over a series of space frames intervene. The more accurately momentum can be measured the less accurately position can be measured, and vice-versa. The language of electron clouds just clouds this inherent problem of indeterminacy. It can be shown that there are N cubed electron quantum jumps around any orbit where N is the principle quantum number. One must be careful not to confuse new concepts with previously accepted concepts that are not consistent. This is often hard to do. It takes time and care to weed one's conceptual garden. After 40 yers at this work I appreciate the spirit and openess of your interest in it.

Best regards,
Bob

[N0B0DY]

Of course I'm interested in your work, Bob. Anyone would be foolish not to be because it puts things together very systematically well, but I'm never biased toward one viewpoint in its entirety preferring to extract a few pieces relevant to my own discoveries. There are many who endeavor to know the mind of god, or universal mind, and I think it necessary to know what the mind is first before extending it to universal proportions.

I don't shirk empirical and theoretical science, but there is a fine line between the two in that both can be misleading even when supportive of one another. If it wasn't for Einstein's accurate predictions, I don't think String Theory would have lasted as long as it has. People place alot of importance on math and observations, but over the years I've noticed that few are willing to express themselves as individuals - conform or be cast out, as it were.

The more I read your work, the more I see it running along the same track as my own train - no offence intended. When I pressed that the discrete nature of particles transforms, I noticed you mentioned something similar in your "Quantum Mind" Theory and the pressing is really unnecessary because the particles are no longer particles if converted to radiation. It only seemed misleading to me because when you use the backdrop screen for projections to be placed on, and state that electrons don't exist between jumps, some may conclude that the particles disappear entirely into the screen instead of being a part of the EM-conversion process.

The other premise of keeping things whole is based on my own interpretation of simplifying theoretical and empirical evidence, though sort of the consensual interpretation with a small twist. I have to disagree that EM comes from the interactions of matter, so as to avoid the "matter exists just because it's there." The SLAC experiments are repeatable and serve as a basis for matter creation, and the fact that antimatter isn't observed lasting in the universe but required for matter to exist shows that there is something wrong with preconceived notions of most models.

Based on the empirical evidence of what occurs when two high-energy photons collide, we can form a simple math that transcends theoretical physics. Primarily that 0/0=1; 0*0=0; and 1-1=0. The normal assumptions of wholeness render it 1/1=1; 1*1=1; and 1+0=1. We can see relatively easily that normal assumptions neglects antimatter, and only by equating non-existence with existence can it represent a creatio ex nihilo properly. We can have an a priori basis for universal time via photons, local time via matter, and no time as the substrate medium. I also propose that photons and photon holes (gravitons) are out-of-phase waves that are synonymous to an event horizon, to prevent literal concepts of material creation from entering the picture. The process is soley due to dividing photons/gravitons into differentiable quanta to create in-phase waves, similar I would think to separating light and darkness.

I agree things get fuzzy in the eV clouds, but correlating 3-d electrons to principal numbers is hard for me to swallow too. They can be rendered 3-d, 2-d, 1-d, and even 0-d, and size and energy can correspond to any quantum number, but when wanting to know the incremental effects leading to these associations it becomes extremely hard to accomplish. To revert to the mind, we can only be conscious of or observe particular quanta, similar to the visible-light spectrum within the greater spectrum, and it seems we can often fall prey to forcing nature to conform to our physical observations and mental capacity. Only a mind at zero has the capacity to record all differentiable phenomena like a storage space, extracting pertinent information for phenomena to persist to exist in a particular fashion.

I guess regardless of the nature of exterior forms, it always comes down to our interpretations of the Void. The orthogonal discontinuity of spacetime is where my mind is at, Bob. To get to the heart of the matter, as you said, "to integrate the Void as ONE," we have to conclude that all forms of matter consist of what the Void consists of, and then ultimately have to know what the Void consists of. I have concluded that the Void is non-existent and wave forms are incrementally recreated over abstract non-dimensional points when the Void is divided by itself. Observations, for instance, of a hand moving through space is rendered as particles recreated incrementally according to discrete energies. There is no literal motion involved because we have concluded that all motion must be part of the Void, and the Void can't very well move anywhere because it transcends time and space - spacetime being dependent upon speed, and the Void being so fast that it is already everywhere and nowhere in particular.

My apologies for going there, I know you said you prefer not to get into that, but from my experience First Philosophy always finds a way to sneak in.