[AntonioLao]

96% of the mass of the universe cannot be accounted for. This discrepancy was discovered about 70 years ago by careful observations done by Fritz Zwicky (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Zwicky), a Swiss astrophysicist at Caltech. He theorized that although the universe is expanding uniformly, there are still local inhomogeneous random movements embedded within the universal uniformity. For example, the Local Group http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Group which includes our galaxy, the Milky Way, and the Andromeda galaxy are approaching each other at a speed of 130 kilometers per second. However, redshift measurements seem to indicate that most galaxies are moving too fast over the speeds allow by law of gravity if only the visible mass were inserted into the equations. This is also true for the motions of stars within a galaxy. So, why do the galaxies remain stable? There must be invisible stuff that holds them together.

On the other hand, Einstein’s theory of general relativity asserts the existence of two distinct masses separately defined by different equations. These are the inertial mass and the gravitational mass. Taking Mach’s principle in consideration, these masses are equivalent for any two-body system such that a local acceleration of gravity (g) exists and g=F/m, where m is the inertial mass and F is the inertial force. However, by the principle of equivalence http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_principle g=GM/r, where M is the gravitational mass, G is the universal constant of gravitation, and r is the absolute distance. Therefore, the masses can be expressed as functions of the other parameters: M=gr/G and m=F/g. From these, it is clear that if the local acceleration of gravity is zero, g=0, then M=0 but m becomes infinity or undefined even if F is constant or zero. If g is nonzero, M increases without bound with square of distance, while m remains practically a constant and m=0 if and only if F=0.

In conclusion, these demonstrated that gravitational mass as a continuous field is directly proportional to the square of distance while inertial mass as a quantum of particle remains unchanged. Since fields are difficult to detect unless they interact, for example: the Higgs field, gravitational mass are then the missing mass of the universe.

[baudrunner]

As I see it, the only force that drives the idea of the existence of a mysterious dark matter or dark energy is the erroneous presumption that all the matter in the Universe was created by a Big Bang.

How does the math look if we presume something else? For example, if we presume that creation continues at the periphery of the Universe, with its event horizon expanding as a matter of course as the space that is created increases perpetually in volume?

[AntonioLao]

Baud,

Even without the assumption of a big bang, these equations for gravitational mass and inertial mass remain the same forms. However, if the local acceleration of gravity is exactly zero then the inertial mass is infinite and we know that infinite mass is the primary assumption of the big bang. Therefore, the local acceleration will never be exactly zero, it can be very small but not zero.

[dleviwing]

Take the MBR wavelength as the diameter of a sphere. Use Planck’s constant to calculate Planck mass. Divide the MBR sphere volume into the volume between galaxies and then multiply that by the Planck mass. Is there really any mass missing?

[MJA]

I'm glad you found the missing mass, I was starting to get really worried!

Thanks,

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MJA

[sillysally]

That makes the wind feel scary, especially when it's chilly and a door flies open. I don't like windy days anymore.

[MJA]

And you don't want to walk around with your door fly open.

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MJA

[AntonioLao]

Originally Posted by dleviwing Is there really any mass missing?

Thanks, I'll be back with a numerical answer using your formula.

I'm glad you found the missing mass

Can we really find something that is already missing? If you find it then you can keep it as long as it is still missing.

[AntonioLao]

Originally Posted by dleviwing Take the MBR wavelength as the diameter of a sphere. Use Planck’s constant to calculate Planck mass. Divide the MBR sphere volume into the volume between galaxies and then multiply that by the Planck mass

The average wavelength of MBR is half a meter which gives the MBR sphere 1 tenth cubic meter. The Planck mass is given as 2.2 of 100-millionth kilogram. Typical distance between galaxies is a million light-years or 10-billion trillions meters gives a volume between galaxies as 4.2 of 10-thousand quadrillion quadrillion quadrillion quadrillion cubic meters, divided into the Planck mass gives a density of half quadrillionth quadrillionth quadrillionth quadrillionth quadrillionth quadrillionth quadrillionth quadrillionth quadrillionth quadrillionth quadrillionth quadrillionth quadrillionth quadrillionth quadrillionth kilogram per cubic meter. This is for all practical purposes, NOTHING! What is missing? The answer is everything which can only mean that the universe is empty.

[dleviwing]

It looks like you divided when you should have multiplied but as I said:" is there really anything missing?" I think it is more likely a flaw in the understanding of gravity. The only thing missing is the knowledge needed to know; don't you agree?