[RascalPuff]

When a motorist on Moment A earth drives his automobile at the speed he measures as 60 miles per hour, he is not traveling 60 of Moment B miles per Moment B hour...

Moreover, the velocity of 18 & 1/2 Moment A miles per second, traveled by Moment A earth around Moment A sun, is not the same velocity as compared with the 18 1/2 miles per second traveled by Moment B earth around Moment B sun...
Neither is the 365 1/4 days of Moment A year the same interval in time - in this case determined by the completion of an orbit around the sun - as the 365 1/4 days of Moment B or Moment C (providing that these moments could be and were compared with each other).

The velocity of light - C - in this continuum, correspondingly varies from one moment to the next, while remaining constant, relative to the space-time moment from which it originates and with which it is associated. This principle of relative velocity is what allows for an 'optical', or 'event horizon', for example.

When the ‘mini person’ inhabitant of Moment A earth may look ‘up’ along the positive (future) side of the 4th dimension of time, and see themselves at (later) Moment(s) B or C, they would see their own image as an incredibly huge, slow moving giant; if this slow moving giant of Moment A mini-person’s future could look ‘down’ along the past side of their continuously accelerating 4-D projection, they would then observe themselves as a tiny, very fast moving ‘mini-person’.

There is no way for Moment A mini-person (thinking in 3-D conceptual physics) to know that their 3 dimensions of space, and consequently their time will be relatively larger (spatially) and slower (chronologically) at (future) Moments B and C.

Conversely, there is no way for that same giant, slow moving person in (later) Moments B and C to know that the spatial dimensions and time of their entire (Moment A) universe was correspondingly more contracted in space, having proportionately smaller durations of time, at Moment A.

The false assumption is that the value of space is the same with the passage of time; that, if Moment A earth was compared to Moment B and C earth, it (the earth) would have the same uniform size and density in space, when compared with itself at different moments in time.

Newton contemplated a 4-D continuum but did not anticipate that the values of space and time would vary with different spaces and times of that continuum.

The ‘here and now’ dimensions of ‘space and time’ appear - and are 3-dimensionally conceptualized - to be uniform and unchanging. The law of conservation of mass-energy is not infringed upon, since this expanding continuum is always the same amount of energy distributed over an ever increasing space; maintaining uniform relative density.


The acceleration of the apparently static (‘non-expanding’) 3 dimensions of space along the 4th dimension of time (the 4-D space-time continuum) reveals a contracted micro-space accompanied by a correspondingly and inevitably contracted micro-time. and a dilated macrospace accompanied by an equally and correspondingly dilated (‘slowed down’) macro-time.

This is the reason that Einstein called ‘Space and Time’ :
Space-Time.

This is the cause of what Einstein calls ‘Non-absolute time’, and 'non-absolute space'.

It is also the cause of what Einstein calls ‘time dilation’. The value of time is determined by the value of space it occurs in. Larger moments of 4-D space result in relatively slower time, when compared with the value of time in smaller moments of 4-D space.

The Twin Paradox Re-visited:

A popular example of relativistic non-absolute time (time dilation phenomenon) is known as the 'twin paradox'. One of two twin brothers remains on coordinate system earth, while the other twin departs the earth in a spacecraft vehicle, approaches the velocity of light; remains in deep space sustaining high velocity for what his senses and instruments measure as 30 days; then returns to earth to learn that his earthbound twin brother and everyone else on earth (who was his age upon his departure) is considerably more aged than himself.

There is no conceptual explanation for this, however, the mathematics of relativity indicate that time dilation is a true effect of greatly increased velocities. The twin paradox becomes conceptually comprehensible with the application of the issued , expanding mass-field concept:

When an object - a space-craft and its contents accelerates faster than the coordinate system from which it originates and with which it is normally associated (a system of relatively uniform space and time; in this case, the earth, the mass-field constructed spacecraft and its contents are distributed over a greater area, as its mass value increases with its velocity). Consequently it becomes an independent coordinate system, having relatively larger values of space and proportionately slower experiences of time than its original coordinate system, earth.

In a spacecraft nearing the velocity of light the individual hairs on the heads of it's astronauts may (for example) be dilated (enlarged) to the diameter of a large radio telescope dish (relative to the dimensions of space recognized on coordinate system earth). Yet, the astronauts detect no change of spatial values relative to themselves or their ship and its contents, including all of its time measuring instruments, because everything on board is proportionately dilated in 4-D space-time. For example: It takes these mass field dilated astronauts several of earth's relatively micro-spatial hours - and one of their relatively macro-spatial seconds - to sneeze. Upon returning to coordinate system earth, they must slow their speed, and in so doing they proportionately decrease their size and mass values.

Upon disembarking the now 'normal sized' spacecraft, they learn that many years have passed on earth, while they and their instruments have experienced, recorded, and can account for only a month of time in space.

Up to the time of this writing, there are not even any failed efforts to conceptually account for 'time dilation' and the 'twin paradox' that popularly accompanies it.

The (stubbornly unrecognized and denied) ever enlarging value of space is a ‘non absolute space’, which causes ‘non-absolute time’.

The fundamental import of this discussion is that THE VALUE OF GIVEN UNITS OF TIME (seconds, hours, days, weeks, months, years) IS ENTIRELY DETERMINED BY THE 3-D VALUE (size) OF THE SPATIAL MOMENT IT (time / motion ) OCCURS IN.
.................................................. ..................

Einstein authored three major works on Relativity. Two are very well renowned academically as well as socio-politically. Einstein's two renowned theories are of course, the Special Theory of 1906 - which is all about light - ElectroMagnetism - and uniform motion (the C, of E=MC 2). And, the General Theory of 1916, which is all about Matter, Gravity and non-uniform motion (acceleration).

In 1919, Einstein authored a third work which is not so well known; primarily because it was only temporarily accepted by the scientific community; then abandoned eight years later.

Alloted time does not permit me to elaborate the details of Einstein's third and least known work, but I am sure you will find its title very familiar. It is the Unified Field Theory. The conceptual objective of which was to find electromagnetism and gravity one and the same force.

It would take at least thirty minutes to cursorily begin to do it justice here; in the allotted time we cannot afford to go into that detail.

On the other hand, in a matter of one minute or less we may recapitulate the fact that the primary objective of Einstein's presently abandoned Unified Field Theory was to unify the Special & General Theories into one singular statement, The Unified Field. Specifically the unification of what are otherwise academically considered to be separate and unrelated forces. Forces, which The Unified Field proves as actually having the same causal identity - ElectroMagnetism & Gravity.
Repeat: The Unified Field is abandoned; its cardinal objective was to find ElectroMagnetism and Gravity as two apparently unrelated forces which actually have the same causal identity.
Presently summarizing here, that gravity is the space-time 4th Dimension because Physical Matter is found to be an expanding ElectroMagnetic Field. And conversely.