[RascalPuff]

The Steady State Theory was abandoned because it was unable to explain how the universe would remain at a generally uniform density while at the same time becoming ever larger, spatially.
Hoyle-Bondi & Gold, at first proposed the *'spontaneous creation of hydrogen' to maintain the required uniform density of their Steady State universe. This reparative course was later abandoned, mainly because it contradicts the law of Conservation of MassEnergy.
The four dimensional space time continuum requires no such *adjustment.
Whereas:'These disturbed areas which are discovered to demand 3-Dimensions of Space indicate the position of the electron; yet we cannot state that the disturbed area is the electron. Because any such locality has a tendency to spread, and if the matter of the universe were a number of disturbed areas, by now it would have spread indefinitely'. - J.W.N. Sullivan, The Limitations of Science, pp. 103 & 104

Exactly what the present day - indefinitely spreading - universe looks like: without the Big Bang. (By now it would have spread indefinitely: squared...)

Manifest Natural Precedence For Accelerating Expansion :
Very much on the order of 360 degree arcs of ripples (or pie-plate charted portions thereof) emanating from the center disturbance point on the surface of a pool of water. The newer, earlier ripples not only expanding, but also accelerating. Moving ever more swiftly; with the aging development of distance from center source of disturbance. Not only is qualified continuous expansion, colloquially and precisely found here (on the surface of water), but also acceleration. A ubiquitous, natural emergence of an expanding; accelerating system. Laymen often flatly deny acceleration of expanding water ripples: they are mistaken...
It is verified in ripple tank studies that the further water-waves move from their geometric origin (center source of disturbance), the faster they expand, etcetera, ad dynamic infinitum. The expanding water ripples are accelerating - moving ever-faster - and the structure of the concentric acceleration is accountable in the law of the inverse square.
The difference between expanding water ripples and expanding electromagnetism is that water ripples are expanding (accelerating) much more slowly than light (electromagnetism) and water ripples require a conducting medium, whereas light does not (Refer Michelson & Morley’s interferometer experiments and Einstein’s conclusion that there is no ‘aether’ <conducting medium previously thought to vehiculiarize light waves>).

Consider the following quotes from Guy Murchie’s (excellent reference book) Music Of The Spheres:
"... the famous Krakatoa (South Pacific island volcanic eruption generated) swells of 1883 were credited with heights well above one hundred feet, combined with length that grew to hundreds of miles and a speed no less than that of sound in air (approx. 720 miles per hour)."
- p. 373, Guy Murchie, Music of the Spheres.

"Another curious characteristic of the (ship or boat) bow wave... is that, taken in the singular, it becomes concave forward, due to acceleration." - Guy Murchie, Ibid, p. 374

"... stern waves (on/of water, as from a ship or boat) accelerate in concave backward form..." - Ibid, p. 375

"... liquid waves possess acceleration..." - Ibid p. 376



Sometimes charges attract, and sometimes they repel.

Newton allows that gravity may be an impelling - or a repelling - force (What this record calls, 'The gravitational alternative').


Einstein says gravity is - at least sometimes - a repelling force; allowing that gravity may be both a repelling and an impelling force.


Truly Yours tends to observe that gravity is usually an inertially mechanical repelling force, on or near major gravitational masses, and an electromagnetic impelling (aquatic, terrestrial and atomospheric) tidal force (for example) at greater distances. Summarizing that, since Newton introduced what he fully acknowledged as a mysterious, occult force of gravitation, usually - but not stringently - to be thought of as an impelling force, this record sees no reason why Einstein is disallowed from introducing a repelling force (Cosmo Constant, Lambda - /\ ) acting parallel to Newton's impelling force... Summing up a tandem repelling and impelling force, with each man offering major contributions to understanding the universe; neither of which men - or forces - are mutually exclusive.

The conceptual challenges in the macrocosms have counterparts in the microcosms...

Namely, the superfluously conflicting schools of thought (Circa 1900 thru 1930 and ever since) on Max Planck's - Helmholtz inspired, Rubens confirmed - Quantum Mechanics'.

The 1897 dated observation of black body radiation led Planck to attempt to observe an invariable increase in entropy, which resulted in null thought and laboratory experiments; leading to Planck's 1900 revision of Boltzmann's alternately continuous and discontinuous statistical interpretaton of the 2nd law of thermodynamics (later paralleled by Heisenberg's Principle of Indeterminacy).

It is only obscurely known or recognized that, although there are indeed opposing - J.J. Thompson-electron-launched - arguments on this subject, Einstein and Planck were in the same camp, along with Schroedinger, regarding the much misunderstood 'problem' of microcosmic 'continuity' of wave-field theory, and 'discontinuity' of so called 'particles'.
Leading to an undrained, ever rising swamp of determinacy and indeterminacy, entanglement, water ripple and shotgun pellets rolling sideways and speeding linearly through vertical and horizontal slits, in the ever imposing shadow of assumptive continuous wave eclipsed by the non-prevailing 'ultraviolet catastrophe' and the newly incumbent black body radiation - vocabularized in electrical theory and thermodynamics - introducing the circle of broken lines forming a sought-after curve but still leading to an apparently non discardable discontinuous 'quantum leap', because energy in discontinuous portions cannot be infinitely divided; establishing that radiant energy is not quantitatively infinite - in unequal units, Planck resolved that the frequency of the considered discontinuous wave is directly related to its duration, or more specifically, its length.

This was unexpected because it defined a seemingly antithetical, self contradicting equality in discontinuous and continuous energy packets - 'quantum', which, literally translated from Latin equals 'what quantity'. It came to pass that, depending on how these units are measured and otherwise evaluated, they alternately manifest as 'waves', and, as 'particles' - continuity, and discontinuity.

From this arose a further quandary of defining the dynamics of what was projected, compared to the method or conditions of projection.
Quantum Mechanics (perhaps better understood as 'quantum dynamics') was not altogether contradictory to the - at that time, much established continuous wave theory - which was often confirmed in delicate laboratory observations as well as more pedestrian observations such as the often exemplified fact that a swinging pendulum loses its momentum in a continuous declination of kinetic energy. Quantum Mechanics contests this.

Black body radiation occurs in discontinuous packages of microcosmically indivisible energy units of erg seconds, where the individual, indivisible unit is designated as 'h', for the numerically expressed value of:
.0000000000000000000000000066, or, 6,6 x 1027

Establishing that ordinary sizes as perceived by human observers were not the end measure of what was occuring in the much smaller realms of physicality and dynamics.

Max Planck had not excluded the previous standards of observation and measurement, whereas, he certainly had established that the characteristics of the larger physical world were not aligned with those of the smaller physical world, and that the Latin statement, ut infra, ut supra and conversely ('as above, so below'), was a generalisation but not a law.

Atomic (microcosmic) physics was understood to be in its early stages and the Planck dynamics were a portention that many other unexpected discoveries were due, as the science of observing and measuring microcosmic reality progressed - the evolutions of which were alternately championed and challenged, by Planck, Rutherford, Einstein, Bohr, Shroedinger, and many others... Having traversed a modest historical circuit, encompassing the solutions and enigmas of large and small issues.