Leskey,
Please provide me more context for Austin's quote. I'm sometimes dense. How do you see this fitting into resting light theory? I think I'm following you, but I want to be sure.
Wick
RLT fundamentally changes the way one looks at physics. Why? Because RLT places in question what Lee Smolin calls “the greatest unification in all of science: the unification of motion and rest.” Galileo suggested that motion and rest were the same thing, but it wasn’t until Newton wrote down his first law of motion which states: A body in a state of rest or of uniform motion remains in that state unless it is disturbed by other forces.
Some may say this is not a unification at all, but it is. Uniform motion is motion at a constant speed along a straight line. Rest is just a special kind of uniform motion (in the same way zero is a special kind of number). Rest is that uniform motion which equals the absence of motion. Rest is a motion in the same way zero is a numeral.
But who is to say what is at rest and what is in uniform motion? Observers make that distinction. Objects move in relation to other objects, but it becomes a difficult proposition to give any absolute meaning to the observations of any one observer. If Alice is on the earth and Peter is on the moon and they observe each other, both of them may start with the premise that they are at rest and that their counterpart is in motion. If Fred is standing on the surface of the sun, he is going to observe both Alice and Peter in motion. Rita, on the other hand, who is floating in space near the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. She is not rotating and insists that she, Alice, Peter and Fred are all at rest (because her instruments do not permit her to see the motions of something so far away).
Who is right? Everyone is right! According to Galileo’s Principle of Relativity (which Einstein would later use in his relativity theories) the distinction between motion and rest only has meaning relative to an observer. Since Alice, Peter, Fred and Rita are all moving in different ways, they all distinguish the way the objects around them are moving (or resting) in relation to their unique perspectives.
RLT hits at the very heart of Galileo’s principle of relativity and in so doing it changes the way we look at that special state we call “rest” and also uniform motion. As a result it also changes the way we apply Newton’s first law of motion. Why? Because RLT implies that light is at rest and the universe and everything contained in the universe is moving in an almost uniform direction along an axis we cannot see.
The Axis We Cannot See
Imagine that some powerful entity took the solar system and dropped it into a VERY wide bottomless pit with an intense gravitational singularity at the source of its “bottomlessness”. Initially the solar system and all its contents (including the space itself) would begin to fall at the same rate of speed as defined by Galileo. The solar system would slowly pick up momentum in accordance with Galileo’s equation describing free fall. All the objects would fall at the precisely the same relative rate of speed. Observers on the earth may not even realize that the solar system were falling at all, though they would wonder where the stars went.
Einstein’s happy thought was that a person in free-fall would not be aware that he was falling. Einstein’s happy though also applies to a solar system. Observers in a solar system in free fall would be oblivious to the nature of their fall. The system from which they observed would continue to increase its speed, presumably until it reached what we call the universal speed limit—the velocity we call “c”. No earthly soul would know that we had reached this incredible rate of speed. The sun would still burn, the planets would still follow their prescribed orbits. All would be as it always had been. Only the stars would be missing. And since the pit is bottomless, we would continue our downward track without knowing anything about our fall.
After several generations without the stars, our great grandchildren would come to believe that they lived in a very quiet universe at the center of which was the sun. They would know that the planets (the only lights in the skies) and the earth were moving in relation to the sun, but they would only be able to assume that the sun was at the center and was indeed at rest.
But the sun would not be at rest. The sun would be moving at the velocity “c” along an axis our great grandchildren would not be able to see.
So RLT suggests that every resting object is actually moving at the velocity “c”. There is no state of rest in a falling universe. When we take away the state of rest a number of surprising things happen.
More later.
Wick
Back to the falling solar system—
So everything in the solar system descends along an axis of motion which it neither senses nor suspects. Everything is moving at the velocity “c”. So we as observers may think an object is at rest, when in fact it is not. In spite of what we thing we see, No object in the observable solar system could ever be at rest.
This means that the unification of motion and rest is no unification at all. Observed rest is not rest. There is no resting frame of reference in a falling solar system. Observers in the solar system can still make observation using the principle of relativity, but their observation will be missing an important aspect of nature—namely the cause of mass.
For the sake of argument, lets imagine that this solar system has ALWAYS been falling in the way I describe. We observers, who by the way have never seen the stars, don’t realize that we are in free-fall. We believe the sun is at rest in the center of a system of planets, asteroids, and comets. All these objects move in their respective orbits around the resting sun. All is well. Then someone comes along and asks the question, “What causes inertial mass?”
The question is a good one. We know that Newton describes well the fact that resting objects remain at rest and that objects moving in uniform motion continue to do so unless another force interposes itself. We sometimes turn to this law for our description of inertial mass. But what the law fails to tell us, is the cause of inertial mass. Why does a resting object remain at rest? Why does an object in uniform motion continue along that track? Why?
RLT suggests that the reason such objects resist a change in their state of uniform motion is because the first law of motion holds sway upon them in two ways. First, it holds sway upon them because they are moving along the unseen axis at the velocity “c”; Second, it holds sway upon them because of their uniform motion inside the moving space of the falling solar system. In other words, their uniform motion is not simply what it is observed to be. The “resting” object actually moves at the velocity “c” in the direction of the unseen axis. The moving object actually moves along a diagonal course—it moves at the velocity “c” along the unseen axis and at a lesser speed along the familiar axes of the space inside the falling solar system.
So the famous equation of Einstein: E=mc2 (An objects energy is equal to the object’s mass times the speed of light squared), can also be expressed as m=E/c2 (the mass of an object is equal to the objects energy divided by the speed of light squared). These equations make a great deal more intuitive sense to me when I change the term “c” into the speed of universal free fall. Energy arises from a kinetic activity, namely the fall of all objects along the unseen axis.
But this unseen axis is strange in nature.
I’ll tell you why later.
Wick
The Wick is buring to quick!
I haven't yet read your latest post. This is in response to you query. Forgive my on-going inability to adequately express my thoughts in a scientific manner.
First impressions are that the statement incorporates similar principals to that of Resting Light.
Using the principal of Occams Razor, the simplest initiation process is moving from zero to one, which requires a division, a separation, line of demarcation, a membrane or matrix. If one side, or outside, remained immobile, timeless and void, the impetus of the other is all that is required to create the space-time matrix . Motion =>.space-time (expanding into the void) - the fundamental requirements for life.
It could be hypothesized that the organizing principal of life is coherent light. The motion of active galactic nuclei (AGN), it seems, may be a literal conductor of coherent light into the space-time matrix. Nothing can be at rest: rotations within orbits within spirals, etc., all of which are initiated by the AGN.
AGN's represent essential functions within the universe. They concentrate and intensify the magentic field from a current in the surrounding vortex (magnetic mirroring). An analogy would be the memory of a computer. This creates capacity for coherent light (which, as usual, is another topic I'm still endeavouring to learn more about). Coherent light may be the ultimate embodiment of a reciprocating mnemonic (my description, but it's self-explanatory). I still liken this process to the organization of a cell around a nucleus. All other natural light generated within space-time is the process of incoherent light.
Does this fit at all with Resting Light Theory?
But nothing's lost. Or else: all is translation And every bit of us is lost in it... - James Merrill
Yes, Leskey, it fits with RLT, except for the spacetime matrix. A space time matrix is by nature deterministic. There can be no spacetime matrix in RLT. A spacetime matrix also implies that the past and the future are physically real entities, time "places" where the actual past and future configurations of the universe exist. RLT exists to get rid of this deterministic structure. My next post will further clarify this point.
Regards!
Wick
When an object moves through a space or medium, it tends to create a bow wave and a wake. If you have ever traveled on a boat or ship you would have noted a characteristic wave the folds the water out of the way at the front of the vessel (the bow wave) and a similarly characteristic wave at the back of the vessel (the wake), where the disturbed and displaced water creates a trail that stretches away from the back of the ship in the direction from which the vessel has travelled.
In a river, an object that is tethered in place or anchored in the current of water also generates a bow wave where moving water flows around the stationary object. Such objects also generate a wake where the current spills in at the rear of the object. So an object in motion through a medium or at rest in a flowing current will create a bow wave and wake. This is true for objects whether upon the surface of a medium or submerged in a medium.
A truck travelling on the freeway, for instance is submerged in an atmosphere of air and as the truck travels through this medium, it generates a powerful bow wave and wake. I recently watched a bicyclist who permitted himself to get caught in the wind wake of just such a semi truck. Once in the wake of the semi truck, the bicyclist no longer needed to pedal. The truck pulled him along.
This application of bow waves and wakes may also have their application for objects in space.
The planets circling the sun transverse a current called the solar wind which rushes away from the sun. Some planets deal with solar wind better than others. Recently the solar wind blasted over the planet Venus and stripped away the Venusian atmosphere (which thankfully regenerates relatively quickly because of planetary processes on Venus’ surface).
But earth generally fares better during these solar winds thanks to its iron core which generates a protective magnetic field and shields the earth from detrimental effects produced by the wind. The pattern of the deflection of the solar wind around the earth looks much like a bow wave at the point where the solar wind strikes and like a wake on the opposite side of the earth.
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Now let’s return to our falling solar system. What kind of bow wave and wake might arise as our solar system descends through the medium of our bottomless pit? We can’t answer that question until we further define the topological relationship between the falling solar system and the bottomless pit. Here goes:
Let’s say that the bottomless pit is a 4-dimensional space filled with evenly distributed energy at rest. Let's say that the energy at rest is at a negative energy pressure. Our solar system, on the other hand, is 3-dimensional in nature. This may be a stretch for those who have spent their lives believing in spacetime. But for the moment, we are going to think of our solar system as a simple 3-dimensional space falling through a “broader” 4-dimensional space. As the 3-space falls, it can stretch along the 4th spatial axis (just as a flat plane can stretch along the depth axis when it bends in space). This stretching is a dynamic process that occurs as the matter in 3-space reconfigures as if falls.
We can now discard the dimension we call time. We’ll be able to do this because as the solar system falls its configuration will change with relation to its position in 4-space based upon the way the resting light interacts with matter on the surface of 3-space. Time consequently becomes less than a dimension. Time becomes a way of measuring the change upon the surface of the falling 3-space without requiring that previous configurations are somehow bound into a fabric of space and time. This approach also allows us the freedom of expressing the observable universe as a single reconfiguring entity without the need for multiple universes or so called “multiple histories”. History remains completely self contained within the motion of a single universe.
This happens in part, because the 3-space of our solar system falling through a 4-space would be exposed to that 4-space at every single one of its spatial and material points. Why?
Consider a line. The surfaces on a line we call points. If we permit the line to exist upon a plane, all the surface points along the line are exposed to any observer on the plane.
Similarly if we consider a plane, the surfaces on a plane are called lines. If we place this plane covered with lines, we have something like this page you are reading, and you as a spatial observer are able to recognize that these lines are letters which form words. All the lines upon the page are exposed to your view because you live in a higher space. You are able to observe what is on the outside of the lines and what is on the inside of the lines. Even closed figures on the page, as we see in the letters “o”, “p” and “g”, are exposed to your view they all make sense to you because you can see the outside lines and the inside spaces of such letters.
But in space, you and I are not able to see the inside spaces of closed things. What’s inside our bodies remains invisible to us. What lies inside the earth, we can study and guess at, but we cannot see with perfect certainty. What lies within the minds of everyone around us remains largely a mystery. But that is not so for the resting energy through which the solar system falls.
When a 3-space exists inside a 4-space, every point in that 3-space becomes a surface which touches the 4-space. In other words, the falling solar system is exposed at every point to all the spatial (and material) points (or point particles). Light can "see" inside our bodies, but we cannot. So we have learned to harness light in such a way that makes it possible for us to see the insides of things with x-rays, etc. Such a technique is only possible because x-rays are a manifestation of a 4-dimensional thing.
Our bottomless pit is a 4 dimensional space filled with evenly distributed energy at rest. Because the space inside the pit is 4-dimensional in nature, every spatial point belonging to our falling solar system’s 3-space becomes exposed to the 4-space. As such, the observers in the falling solar system would only observe this higher space as a field of sorts—that higher space would actually begin interacting with the 3-dimensional surface of the solar system. Again, every point in our 3-space would be exposed to the resting energy of the 4-space at a visceral level. The 4-space and the energy in it would be field-like.
To understand how this works, we need to slice up the solar system into extraordinarily thin slices—slices of a Planck length’s thinness. We need to remember that all the slices are really connected and integrated, and with this understanding, we can now spread the slices out over a vast plane—a plane spread out over the opening of the bottomless pit. As we set things into motion, this single spread out slice of solar system descends into the pit through the energy which fills the inside of the pit.
The observable universe of 3-dimensions now begins to interact with the resting energy through which it falls. The resting energy passes through the thin slice of solar system, interacting with the space and with the matter in the solar system. When the resting energy passes through the “empty” space, it reveals itself as two things: 1) a cosmological constant; and 2) a cosmic microwave background. In actuality the phenomena would be properties of a single phenomenon—namely the passage of the 3-space of the solar system through the 4-space and the resting energy that fills the 4 space. The interaction between this energy and the solar system would have peculiar properties. The energy density would be the same throughout the entire solar system. Furthermore, all observers would agree about the energy density no matter where they were or how they were moving through the solar system. This is remarkable, because we would not expect this kind of energy to exhibit itself without any interaction with matter. But the energy would only be interacting with the falling space of the solar system.
As for the matter, the resting energy would also occasionally pass through the thin surface of the solar system, striking particles of matter inside the falling space of the solar system. When this occurred the energized matter would cause the space upon which it rested to oscillate. Observers would observe this phenomenon as light. They would not actually observe the resting energy itself, only the effect that occurs when the resting energy strikes particles of matter during the descent through 4-space.
Thinking of the universe in this way, we no longer think of the universe as a space time matrix. instead we think of the observable universe as a dynamic 3 dimensional surface falling through a 4-space. The forces of nature inside the 3-space arise as properties of the fall and the resulting interaction with the resting energy.
The resting energy passes through the thin slice of solar system, interacting with the space and with the matter in the solar system. When the resting energy passes through the “empty” space, it reveals itself as two things: 1) a cosmological constant; and 2) a cosmic microwave background. In actuality the phenomena would be properties of a single phenomenon—namely the passage of the 3-space of the solar system through the 4-space and the resting energy that fills the 4 space. The interaction between this energy and the solar system would have peculiar properties.
Lee Smolin writes in his recent book The Trouble with Physics (TTWP), pg 150: "We do not know what the dark energy is; we know about it only because we can measure its effects on the expansion of the universe. It manifests itself as a source of gravitational attraction spread uniformly through space. Since it is distributed evenly, nothing falls toward it, for there is the same amount everywhere. The only effect it can have is on the average speed at which the galaxies move away from one another. What happened in 1998 was that observations of supernovas in distant galaxies indicated that the expansion of the universe was accelerating in a way that could best be explained by the existence of dark energy.
"One thing that the dark energy might be is something called the cosmological constant. This term refers to a form of energy with a remarkable feature: The properties of the energy, such as its density, appear exactly the same to all observers, no matter where they are in space and time and no matter how they are moving."
I believe that this cosmological constant is evidence that the observable universe is moving through a 4-space. We can then think of RLT as being similar to brane theory. But in this case the 3-dimensional brane is the observable universe and it is moving through a 4-space through which all branes move in accordance with prescribed laws of motion. Smolin also writes in TTWP, pg 173: "...several adventurous physicists realized in the 1990s that this did not have to be the case--that the extra dimensions could be large or even infinite. This is possible in a brane-worlds scenario. In such a picture, our three-dimensionsal space is actually a brane--that is something like a physical membrane but with three dimensions--suspended in a world with four or more dimensions of space. The particles and forces of the standard model--electrons, quarks, photons, and the forces the interact with--are restricted to the three dimensional brane that makes up our world. So using only those forces, you cannot see evidence of the extra dimensions. The sole exception is the gravitational force. Gravity, being universal, extends through all the dimensions of space."
While RLT is similar in some regards to brane theory, it differs in other ways. For instance, in RLT we do not assume that the "brane" is suspended, we assume instead that the "brane" moves in accordance with laws of motion. Motion is the principle that unifies all the forces and particles. We don't need more dimensions than four. We need to understand how things move inside those four dimensions. Gravity is not the only universal thing. Anything that presents itself as a field is 4-dimensional in nature. We observe it as a field because of the way the "brane" is moving through the 4-space.
Motion is just as important as structure. Current theories focus mostly on structure and ignore how the universe moves.
We continue to be Ptolemaic in the way we think of the universe.
Wick
Hi, Wick.
Thank you, for this (IMHO) best-yet rendition of the mechanism of Resting Light.
It appears that Resting Light Theory is analogous to Triality and the geometry of a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram.
But nothing's lost. Or else: all is translation And every bit of us is lost in it... - James Merrill
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