Late in the 19th century when thermodynamics as a branch of physics studying various concepts of energy was nearing full completion, the scientific community views energy as an infinitely divisible quantity into smaller and smaller chunks. Two key persons were responsible for changing this view. The 1st was
http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biog...Boltzmann.html
and the 2nd was http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Planck.html
Now, the early years of this 21st century has witnessed the full quantization of energy but the quantization of mass as started by Boltzmann remains incomplete. The reason for this is the need for a quantization of spacetime as square of energy. If energy is quantizable in its 1st power, it is more so for it to be quantizable in the 2nd power. The hint is undeniably hidden in the relativistic form of the energy wave equation, which were independently discovered by Schroedinger and later rediscovered by Klein and Gordon as noted by Dirac.
Schroedinger's relativistic wave equation was for a 'Lorentz electron' of mass [math]m[/math] and charge [math]e[/math] in an external vector potential [math]\mathbf{A}[/math] and Coulomb scalar potential [math]\phi[/math], the Hamiltonian [math]H[/math] and linear momentum [math]\mathbf{p}[/math] are related by
[math](H+e \phi )^2 - c^2( \mathbf{p}+e \mathbf{A} / c)^2 - m^2c^4=0[/math]
Reference: Steven Weinberg's 'The Quantum Theory of Fields,' Volume I, Foundations, Page 4, Cambridge, 1995.


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