The 1st book ever published about the theory of knots was in 1847 by Listing, a student of Gauss and ever since, many mathematicians are intrigued, specially, topologists. They have discovered many types of knots. But like the theory of curves and the theory of manifolds (surfaces), there exist topologically equivalent properties. These properties can help to distinguish and to classify the various types of knots.
The mathematical knots are different from the physical knots. But they share a common feature of solely being capable of analysis in no less than 3 dimensions. One single forbidden act is undergoing transformations by cutting or tearing. Mathematical knots are all closed loops, they have no end points. And since they are not allowed to be cutted, their being closed loops serve as a property of invariance or conservation (for all time) and by Noether’s theorem there is an underlying symmetry principle at work.
http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/noether.html
Because of these unique properties, knots are suitable mathematical objects for the analysis of spacetime’s structures. And the simplest of all knots are the null knots. When 2 null knots are linked together with an attached directional property, two distinct topological structures can be created. These fundamental forms serve as the basic geometrical units for all spacetime’s scaffoldings.


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